Raw Material Introduction｜Palmarosa

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Palmarosa is a grass that can grow up to nearly 10 feet tall, thriving in tropical or wetland areas with ample sunlight. Initially extracted in India, palmarosa has long, narrow leaves and an unassuming, weedy appearance. However, its essential oil possesses a scent reminiscent of roses and geraniums, earning it nicknames like "Indian Geranium" or "Turkish Geranium." In India, its local name, rhsaha or rosha, reflects the purple hue of its flowers that blanket entire hillsides during blooming seasons.

Today, palmarosa essential oil is primarily distilled from dried grass harvested from the eastern plains of Nepal. The oil is distilled to yield a clear, pale yellow liquid.

The main component of palmarosa essential oil is geraniol, the same compound found in roses, giving it its signature rosy floral aroma. It is often valued in skincare for its hydrating properties and its ability to balance oily skin.

▎Component Analysis

｜Main Components: Monoterpenols

Primarily geraniol (antifungal), along with citronellol, nerol, geranyl acetate, geranyl formate, geranyl isobutyrate, geranyl hexanoate and octanoate, elemol, as well as trace amounts of sesquiterpenes and aldehydes.

｜Research Validation

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▎References

1. Singh S, et al. p-Menthadienols-rich essential oil from Cymbopogon martini ameliorates skin inflammation. Inflammopharmacology. 2022. Jun;30(3):895-905.
2. Angiolella L. Synergistic activity of Pelargonium capitatum and Cymbopogon martini essential oils against C. albicans. Nat Prod Res. 2021. Dec;35(24):5997-6001.
3. Scotti R, et al.Effects of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon spp. and Cinnamomum verum on Biofilm and Virulence Properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021. Jan 25;10(2):113
4. Morris JB. Review of Antimicrobial and Other Health Effects in 5 Essential Oil Producing Grass Species. J Diet Suppl. 2021. Jul 5:1-14.
5. Kalagatur NK, et al. Inhibitory effect of C. zeylanicum, C. longa, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, and C. martini essential oils on growth and ochratoxin A content of A. ochraceous and P. verrucosum in maize grains. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2020. Jun 16;27:e00490.
6. Jain S, et al. Biochar aided aromatic grass [Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats.] vegetation: A sustainable method for stabilization of highly acidic mine waste. J Hazard Mater. 2020. May 15;390:121799.
7. Gemeda N, et al. Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Topical Formulations from Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson Essential Oil. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018.Sep 10;2018:9812093.
8. Murbach Teles Andrade BF, et al. The impact of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil on Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes strains and its interaction with keratinocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2018. Dec;70(12):1688-1699.
9. Katiki LM, et al. Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro tests. Vet Parasitol. 2011. Dec 29;183(1-2):103-8.
10. Prasad CS, et al. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of essential oils of Cymbopogon martini and Chenopodium ambrosioides and their synergism against dermatophytes. Mycoses. 2010. Mar 1;53(2):123-9.
11. Nirmal SA, et al. Major constituents and anthelmintic activity of volatile oils from leaves and flowers of Cymbopogon martini Roxb. Nat Prod Res. 2007. Nov;21(13):1217-20.

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