Raw Material Introduction｜Monarda

▎Essential Oil Introduction

Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa) is a native North American perennial herbaceous plant that thrives in sunny, well-drained soil. The leaves are serrated with slightly reddish nodes and are ovate with pointed tips. In late spring, it blooms with striking flame-like red flowers that attract hummingbirds and butterflies.

Native Americans used the dried leaves to brew tea, which exudes a sweet fragrance and was used to help fevers, coughs, and stomach issues. They also applied the leaves to wounds, skin infections, and respiratory problems. Its main component, geraniol, strengthens the skin's defense. By the 15th century, it was brought to Spain and is now widely cultivated in Europe.

▎Component Analysis

｜Main component: Monoterpenols

The primary component of Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa) is Geraniol (90-95%), with other minor components including Linalool, Germacrene D, Myrcene, and Citral.

｜Research Validation

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▎References

1. Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford,
2. Zamureenko, V. A.; Klyuev, N. A.; Bocharov, B. V.; Kabanov, V. S.; Zakharov, A. M. (Sep 1989). "An investigation of the component composition of the essential oil of Monarda fistulosa". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 25 (5): 549–551.
3. P. Mattarelli, F. Epifano, M. Bellardi. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Monarda didyma and Monarda fistulosa Cultivated in Italy. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants Volume 20, 2017
4. Monica Ghosh et al. Essential Oils from Monarda fistulosa: Chemical Composition and Activation of Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) Channels .
5. I. Pfab, G. Heinrich, W. Francke. Glykosidisch gebundene Komponenten des ätherischen Öls von Monarda fistulosa.
6. Holly A. Johnson et al. Bioactive Monoterpenes from Monarda fistulosa (Lamiaceae) . Natural Product Letters Volume 11, 1998 - Issue 4.
7. Daniele Fraternale et al.Chemical Composition, Antifungal and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research Volume 18, 2006.
8. H. J. Damien Dorman et al. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Monarda citriodora var. citriodora, Myristica fragrans, Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, Pelargonium sp. and Thymus zygis Oils Journal of Essential Oil Research Volume 16, 2004.

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