芫荽 Coriander
拉丁學名|Coriandrum sativum
主要產地|印度
原料分類|香料系列
原料規格|500g-25kg 詳情請洽業務
萃取部位|種子
萃取方式|蒸餾
植物科別|傘形科
植物氣味|帶有香甜、木質調的特殊氣味
▎精油簡介
芫荽Coriander又名胡荽,一般認為是由阿拉伯傳入中國,所以才稱作“胡荽”,在台灣俗名為“香菜”,其學名則源自拉丁語中,意味著椿象的koris,是一種草長50-90cm的耐寒性1年生草本植物,有細緻鮮豔的葉片,芫荽是整個歐洲與中東地區經常使用的香草,目前在世界各地均有種植。
葉片和種子含有芳香成分,芫荽葉是台灣料理不可或缺的香料之一,能夠去除肉類的腥羶味,增添風味。精油是萃取自完全成熟、乾燥的種子,而香菜的果實稱之為芫荽籽( Coriander Seeds),圓圓像蛋,直徑約3-5mm,被研究出在果實的成熟每一階段,所含的化學成分及比例都不同,成熟後的果實,取下曬乾後變淺褐色,在未曬乾前,可以將香菜籽萃取提煉出精油,即Coriander seeds essential oil,味道和原種子味道幾乎相近,香菜籽精油呈現無色透明至淡黃色。
雖然尚未成熟的果實具有和葉片相同的特殊香氣,但完全成熟後會轉變為辛辣清爽的香氣,在香水工業上,香菜籽精油由於優異的定香功能,以及可以與各種香氣完美融合,尤其可以提供一種特別男性的陽剛氣味,因此經常被用於調香之中。
▎成分解析
|主要成分:單萜類
芫荽精油的化學組成會因植物來源和種子成熟度而有所不同。其中含量較高的是沉香醇(右旋沉香醇或稱為芫荽醇coriander),約60-87%,其次是單萜烯類(蒎烯、萜品烯等微量成分)。
|研究認證
▸ Machendra 和Bisht在2011年研究香菜籽精油和香菜的水醇萃取物(以含水的酒精萃取),舒緩焦慮的效果,實驗證實了前人(2005年Emamghoreishi等人)的研究結果。
|原料認證
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▎參考文獻
- Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. 98. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 1192 pp.
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- Flora Mesoamericana, 2015. Flora Mesoamericana. Tropicos website St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria.
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- T.Eguale. G.Tilahun. A.Debella. A.Feleke. E.Makonnen. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology。 April 2007, Pages 428-433
- Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. Khaled Mohamed M. Wahdan. Blending of corn oil with black cumin (Nigella sativa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed oils: Impact on functionality, stability and radical scueing .iv. , 15 May 2012, Pages 873-879
- Lucia Caputo et al. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. Journals. IJMS. Volume 17. Issue 12. 10.3390/ijms17121999
- Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Mohamed Mostafa Afify Amer & Ahmed El-Said Awad. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil improves plasma lipid profile in rats fed a diet containing cholesterol. European Research and volume 2008)
- Vasudevan Mani 1* & Milind Parle.MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM IN RATS Pharmacologyonline 2: 827-839 (2009)
- Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. September 2011. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(5):574-7
- Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A review May 2013. British Food Journal 115(5):743-755.
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