黑胡椒 Black Pepper
拉丁學名｜Piper nigrum
主要產地｜馬達加斯加
原料分類｜香料系列
原料規格｜500g-25kg 詳情請洽業務
萃取部位｜果實
萃取方式｜蒸餾
植物科別｜胡椒科
植物氣味｜醇香渾厚的香料氣味，帶有些許木頭氣息
▎精油簡介
胡椒為木質性常綠攀緣植物，漿果小，無果柄，為密集圓柱穗狀果序，幼果綠色，成熟為橙紅色，外皮皺紋變黑色，種皮堅硬，有強烈芳香辛辣味，威尼斯人稱為「來自天堂的種子」，使用部位為胡椒漿果，一年收成2次，產地於馬達加斯加，在印尼、馬來西亞、斯里蘭卡、海南島、雲南等地也都有栽培。
四千年前遠東地區的人就用來當作藥物或烹飪用香料，到了五世紀歐洲人發覺用途，從此身價水漲船高，據說曾從匈奴王手上贖回羅馬城的條件之一，就是付出三千磅的胡椒。
黑胡椒在現在世界食用香料中消耗相當多，為人們喜愛的一種辛香調味料，在食品工業中被廣泛使用。粉狀胡椒精油是萃取自黑胡椒，氣味較白胡椒濃，也含較多精油。
▎成分解析
｜主要成分：萜烯類
主要成分都是單萜烯，其中包括檸檬稀、β-松烯、α-松烯、α-水芹烯、β-水芹烯、香檜烯等，也有倍半萜烯，如β-石竹烯。
｜研究認證
▸黑胡椒精油在人體細胞中表現對於細胞修復和代謝調節有相關的研究。
▸黑胡椒精油對於肝臟和天然食品防腐劑有相關的研究。
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▎參考文獻
- Zhang M, et al. Preparation of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nanoparticles and its antitumor activity on triple negative breast cancer in vitro. J Food Biochem. 2022. Sep 19:e14406.
- Zhang C, et al. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antifungal activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil. Food Chem. 2021. Jun 1;346:128845.
- Ghosh S, et al. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of essential oil from the fruits of Piper nigrum Linn. (Black pepper) in mice: involvement of serotonergic but not GABAergic transmission system. Heliyon. 2021 Apr 25;7(4):e06884.
- Wang Y, et al. Comparative Analysis of Intracellular and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil From White and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Front Pharmacol. 2021. Jun 25;12:680754.
- Al-Sayed E, et al.Characterization of Four Piper Essential Oils (GC/MS and ATR-IR) Coupled to Chemometrics and Their anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity. ACS Omega. 2021. Sep 22;6(39):25652-25663.
- Vinh TDT, et al. Formulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nano-emulsion via phase inversion temperature method. Food Sci Nutr. 2020. Feb 21;8(4):1741-1752.
- Rajkumar V, et al. Structural characterization of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with Piper nigrum essential oil for biological efficacy against the stored grain pest control. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2020. Jun;166:104566.
- Bastos LPH, et al. Encapsulation of the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil by lactoferrin-sodium alginate complex coacervates: Structural characterization and simulated gastrointestinal conditions.Food Chem. 2020. Jun 30;316:126345.
- Bastos LPH, et al. Complex coacervates of β-lactoglobulin/sodium alginate for the microencapsulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil: Simulated gastrointestinal conditions and modeling release kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020. Oct 1;160:861-870.
- Salehi B, et al. Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications. Molecules. 2019. Apr 7;24(7):1364.
- Wang M, et al. Piper nigrum Oil - Determination of Selected Terpenes for Quality Evaluation. Planta Med. 2019. Feb;85(3):185-194.
- Han X, et al. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytother Res. 2018. Sep;32(9):1848-1852.
- Butt MS, et al. Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013. ;53(9):875-86.
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