原料介紹｜野馬鬱蘭 (Oregano)

▎精油簡介

野馬鬱蘭Origanum vulgare，俗稱牛至又稱奧勒岡，原名是墨角倫草，約30-70公分高的多年生草本植物，質地堅硬、莖直立、多毛，葉片小、分枝頂端簇生淺紫或粉紅色的花朵。原產於地中海地區，與甜馬鬱蘭(Origanum marjorana)是同一科屬的植物，它們也是近親，功效上有不少相似的地方，被稱為大自然的抗生素。這個屬有很多種類，學名及俗名也容易混淆。由於野馬鬱蘭精油有高含量的酚類分子，可能會刺激黏膜組織,，使用起來也要相對小心謹慎。

埃及人會用野馬鬱蘭當沐浴油來泡澡，而希臘人把它應用在比較嚴肅或神聖的場合，將它種在墓地周圍，來幫助死者的靈魂得到安寧，而在幾世紀之前野馬鬱蘭就被使用在烹調和傳統醫療上，醫學之父希伯克拉底曾用它來當作淨化劑，並用來幫助腸胃蠕動和呼吸系統，古希臘人曾用來預防傷口細菌感染及減少食物腐壞，在地中海地區更是廣泛用做烹飪調味料和降低牙痛。

▎成分解析

｜主要成分：酚類

主要成分為香芹芥酚(高達40-60%)，以及百里酚，和其他成分β-石竹烯、對傘花烴、 α-萜品烯。

｜研究認證

｜原料認證

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▎參考文獻

1. Isis Caroline S Cirino 1, Suellen Maria P Menezes-Silva, Helena Tainá D Silva, Evandro Leite de Souza, José P Siqueira-Júnior. The Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare L. and Its Individual Constituents Carvacrol and Thymol Enhance the Effect of Tetracycline against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemotherapy. 2014;60(5-6):290-3.
2. Silva da Luz I, Gomes Neto NJ, Tavares AG, Nunes PC, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Lack of induction of direct protection or cross-protection in Staphylococcus aureus by sublethal concentrations of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil and carvacrol in a meat-based medium. Arch Microbiol. 2013 Aug;195(8):587-93.
3. Lofa A, Velasco V, Gerding M, López MD, Vallejos D, Bonilla AM, Logue CM. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil and maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) extract. J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Oct;127(4):1048-1056.
4. Lombrea A, Antal D, Ardelean F, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Vlaia L, Mut AM, Diaconeasa Z, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Danciu C. A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil . Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 17;21(24):9653.
5. Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Yılmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A , Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. Phytother Res. 2020 Aug 12.
6. Lukas B, Schmiderer C, Novak J. Essential oil diversity of European Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2015 Nov;119:32-40.
7. Tasdemir D, Kaiser M, Demirci B, Demirci F, Baser KHC. Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components. Molecules. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4421.
8. Baser KH. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(29):3106-19.
9. Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresour Technol. 2008 Dec;99(18):8788-95.
10. Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Belmehdi O, Bourais I, Chamkhi I, Taha D, Benali T, Dakka N, Bakri Y. Origanum compactum Benth., from traditional use to biotechnological applications. J Food Biochem. 2020 Aug;44( 8):e13251.

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