▎精油簡介
西洋蓍草精油產自匈牙利古老的城市之一佩奇市,在多瑙河和德拉瓦河之間,氣候宜人,全年日照時間較長,屬大陸性溫帶落葉闊葉林氣候。西洋蓍草非常耐寒,生長於山坡草地中,喜日照充足的環境及排水性良好的土壤。
西洋蓍草是一種大型多年生草本植物,深綠色葉片繁多,氣味芬芳,有繁復細緻的裂紋,表面看上去像是蕾絲花邊,又像是羽毛,它的種名millefolium就是“千葉”的意思,花型迷你,以頭狀花序開放,是非常古老且重要的藥草。
拉丁名稱來自希臘神話中的阿基里斯(Achilles),據說,西洋蓍草就是阿基里斯在戰場上的治傷藥草,在古典時期獲得了「Herba Militaris」的別名,也就是「戰場藥草」,也常被當作德國洋甘菊的替代品。
▎成分解析
|主要成分:單萜烯、倍半萜烯、酮類、氧化物
西洋蓍草(Achilea millefolium)經蒸餾取得,成分由單萜烯、倍半萜烯、酮類、氧化物等組成,其中主要為母菊天藍烴(chamazulene),ß-石竹烯(beta-caryophyllene) 、α-和ß-蒎烯、月桂烯、大根老觀草烯D、檜烯、1.8-桉油醇、乙酸龍腦酯、樟腦、龍腦等。
▸ 西洋蓍草(Achilea millefolium)的藥理學,植物化學和藥理特性。普遍用於處理胃腸道不適,肝膽、婦科狀況。
▸ 西洋蓍草羥基乙醇提取物:是化妝品用的效性成分,具有作為提升化妝品成分效性的巨大潛力。
|成分1:母菊天藍烴(chamazulene)
▸ 天藍烴(azulene)是經過蒸餾過程才轉變的藍色物質母菊天藍烴則是天藍烴變而來。
▸ 在體外和體內模型中,Chamazulene通過調節基質金屬蛋白酶(MMP)和NF-kβ途徑逆轉骨關節炎炎症。
|成分2:檜烯(Sabinene,又稱沙賓烯)
▸ 檜烯化學結構。
▸ 檜烯在研究中發現通過調節大鼠MAPK-MuRF-1途徑,對於骨骼肌萎縮有相關研究。
|成分3:ß-石竹烯(beta-caryophyllene,又稱丁香油烴)
▸ ß-石竹烯之化學結構。
▸ β-石竹烯對於通過多種途徑幫助傷口復原有相關研究。
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▎參考文獻
- Ding Ma , Jinlong He , Dapeng He. Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Feb;84(2): 402-410.
- Rezaei S, Ashkar F, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Mazloom Z, Doaei S. Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis . 2020 Apr 27;19(1):81.
- Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Czop M, Sakipova Z, Głowniak K, Kukula-Koch W. Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Hydroglycolic Extracts-Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetic Use.Molecules. 2020 Jul 24; 25(15):3368.
- Yunkyoung Ryu et al. Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK-MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Oct 8;20(19):4955.
- Ayoobi F, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Amiri H, Vakilian A, Heidari M, Farahmand H, Fathollahi MS, Fatemi I, Shafiei SA, Alahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jan;52:89-97.
- Sachiko Koyama et al. Beta-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes, PLoS One. 2019 Dec 16;14(12):e0216104.
- Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytother Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):1140-1161.
- García-Risco MR, Mouhid L, Salas-Pérez L, López-Padilla A, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Fornari T. Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2017 Mar;72(1):96-102.
- Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA.Safety Assessment of Achillea millefolium as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016 Nov;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
- Akram M.Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn. J Membr Biol. 2013 Sep;246(9):661-3.
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