Black Pepper
Scientific name｜Piper nigrum
Origin｜Madagaskar
Classification｜Spices series
Specifications｜500g-25kg Please contact sales for details
Extraction part｜Fruit
Extraction method | Distillation
Plant family｜Piperaceae
Aroma｜Rich, mellow spicy aroma with subtle woody undertones
▎Essential Oil Introduction
Pepper is a woody, evergreen climbing plant with small, stalkless berries that grow in dense, cylindrical clusters. The unripe berries are green, and as they mature, they turn orange-red, with the skin becoming wrinkled and black. The seeds are hard with a strong aromatic and spicy flavor. Referred to by the Venetians as the "seed from paradise," peppercorns are harvested twice a year. Though primarily grown in Madagascar, they are also cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Hainan Island, and Yunnan, among other regions.
For over 4,000 years, people in the Far East have used pepper as both medicine and a culinary spice. By the 5th century, Europeans discovered its value, leading to a dramatic rise in its price. It is said that one of the conditions to ransom Rome from the Huns was the payment of 3,000 pounds of pepper.
Today, black pepper is one of the most widely consumed spices globally, cherished for its pungent flavor and extensively used in the food industry. Black pepper essential oil, extracted from the powder of black pepper, has a stronger aroma than white pepper and contains more essential oils.
▎Component Analysis
｜Main component: Terpenes
The primary components of black pepper essential oil are monoterpenes, including limonene, β-pinene, α-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, and sabinene. It also contains sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene.
｜Research Validation
▸ Research indicates that black pepper essential oil shows potential for cellular repair and metabolic regulation in human cells.
▸ Studies suggest that black pepper essential oil may have benefits for liver health and function as a natural food preservative.
｜Raw Material Certifications
To obtain relevant certification information, please contact us on WhatsApp.
Certificate of Analysis (COA)
GC/MS Report
Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS)
Raw Material Product Technical Data Sheet
IFRA51
Conformity Certificate
82 EU allergens
▎References
- Zhang M, et al. Preparation of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nanoparticles and its antitumor activity on triple negative breast cancer in vitro. J Food Biochem. 2022. Sep 19:e14406.
- Zhang C, et al. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antifungal activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil. Food Chem. 2021. Jun 1;346:128845.
- Ghosh S, et al. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of essential oil from the fruits of Piper nigrum Linn. (Black pepper) in mice: involvement of serotonergic but not GABAergic transmission system. Heliyon. 2021 Apr 25;7(4):e06884.
- Wang Y, et al. Comparative Analysis of Intracellular and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil From White and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Front Pharmacol. 2021. Jun 25;12:680754.
- Al-Sayed E, et al.Characterization of Four Piper Essential Oils (GC/MS and ATR-IR) Coupled to Chemometrics and Their anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity. ACS Omega. 2021. Sep 22;6(39):25652-25663.
- Vinh TDT, et al. Formulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nano-emulsion via phase inversion temperature method. Food Sci Nutr. 2020. Feb 21;8(4):1741-1752.
- Rajkumar V, et al. Structural characterization of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with Piper nigrum essential oil for biological efficacy against the stored grain pest control. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2020. Jun;166:104566.
- Bastos LPH, et al. Encapsulation of the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil by lactoferrin-sodium alginate complex coacervates: Structural characterization and simulated gastrointestinal conditions.Food Chem. 2020. Jun 30;316:126345.
- Bastos LPH, et al. Complex coacervates of β-lactoglobulin/sodium alginate for the microencapsulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil: Simulated gastrointestinal conditions and modeling release kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020. Oct 1;160:861-870.
- Salehi B, et al. Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications. Molecules. 2019. Apr 7;24(7):1364.
- Wang M, et al. Piper nigrum Oil - Determination of Selected Terpenes for Quality Evaluation. Planta Med. 2019. Feb;85(3):185-194.
- Han X, et al. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytother Res. 2018. Sep;32(9):1848-1852.
- Butt MS, et al. Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013. ;53(9):875-86.
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